Dialect in British Fiction: 1800-1836Funded by The Arts and Humanities Research CouncilSupported by The University of Sheffield
Full record including Speech Extracts
Sebright, PaulAdele; or, the Tomb of My Mother. A Novel. In Four Volumes.
Author Details
Surname:Sebright
First Names:Paul
Gender:Male
Anonymous:No
Publication Details
Publisher:Printed for A. K. Newman and Co. Leadenhall-Street.
Place:London
Date:1824
Novel Details
Genre:Adventure; courtship; inheritance/identity
Setting:Cheriton, Kent; Normandy
Period:Contemporary
Plot
A vicar lives on the Kentish coast near a Catholic woman called Adele who keeps French servants but whose own origins are swathed in mystery. Her son, Claude, is educated by the vicar despite his Anglican beliefs, until a Jesuit priest named Father Adrian appears one day to take Claude to be educated in France. On the eve of Claude's departure, he is abducted by a couple named Edmund and Anne Osterley.
The Osterleys depart, with Claude in tow, for France, where they lodge with an Irishman called Liffey O'Paole. While in France Edmund and Anne are arrested for attacking the Frenchman, Pierre, who conveyed them across the channel. Anne repents while in prison and, by chance, encounters Father Adrian who discovers the truth about the abduction. Father Adrian sends her back to England with her two daughters (Claire and Clotilde) and Claude, to return the latter to his family. By this stage Adele has died, and Edmund has gone mad with guilt in prison.
Upon her return to England, Anne dies without revealing the truth. It transpires that her real identity is Lady Anne Oswestry, the sister-in-law of Lady Susan (an acquaintance of the vicar). After wrangling with Lady Susan, the vicar is allowed to take Claude into his care. Claude, now a young adult, is resented by Lady Samuel and Sir Samuel Oswestry (who has discovered the truth about Claude but not revealed it). Claude falls in love with Anne's daughter Claire (who has been raised by Lady Susan). But Lady Susan prefers the obnoxious Crump, son of her favourite, Mrs Crump, and nephew of Sir Samuel.
Encouraged by Croatz, a Swiss man, formerly in Sir Samuel's employ, Claude goes to Normandy to find Edmund. He learns the truth (i.e. that his mother is Adele) and brings Edmund, along with Father Adrian back to England. He also encounters a young poet called Ernest. Upon returning to England, it transpires that Ernest is Croatz's father.
Finally, following a sermon, the the vicar reveals all regarding the abduction of Claude. Adele was an aristocrat (the sister to the Earl of Tewkesbury) who secretly married the Earl of Richborough (the brother of Lady Susan). Anne Oswestry abducted Claude because he stood in the way of her inheriting the wealth of her brother, Sir Lydden Oswestry. It also transpires that Ernest is Sir Lydden's son, and that Sir Samuel urged Croatz to abduct him when an infant (so that he too might gain the inheritance). After the truth is established, Claude marries Claire and Ernest marries Clotilde.
Overview of the Dialect
Adele's servants, Justine and Leclerc in particular, speak a gallicised form of English, distinguished by its grammar (e.g. periphrastic 'the'), respelling (e.g. v-w transposition) and occasional French words and phrases. The speech of Liffey O'Paole, an Irishman who lives in France, features dialectal discourse markers (e.g. 'Faidth') and respellings (e.g. 'wanderful'). Notably, Liffey code-switches into (apparently undialectal) French at a number of points. The vicar's servant Julius speaks in a regionally non-specific sociolect ('wi'' for 'with'). There is also some interesting metalanguage concerning the 'Kentish teeth-closed accent' (vol. 3, p.270).
Displaying 6 characters from this novel    |    Highlight dialect features in each extract    |    Do not highlight dialect features in each extract
Speaker #1:Justine - Nurse
Individual or Group:Individual
Primary Identity:Justine
Gender:Female
Age:Adult - unspecified age
Narrative Voice:1st person
Role:Minor

Social Role
Social Role Description:Nurse
Social Role Category:Servant
Speaker's Origin
Place of Origin Description:France
Place of Origin Category:France
Speakers: All , Justine, interlocutor
" Ah , oui , il ne vous manque que cela : ah , dat is, you would be so near parfait , if you could but to know de French. But I do love de English! d' English is charmante ! -- she is -- beautiful rolling language! -- But monsieur vicaire , shall I shew you mon petit trésor -- de little Charles?"
"I thank you, mademoiselle," cried the vicar, as he looked at his watch: "I am contented that he is well. It is time that you present me to madame Adéle."
"Oh dear, no, not at all in de vorld !" urged mademoiselle: "I must have de pleasure to shew you mon petit . C'est en enfant qui -- dat is, e is wonderful shild -- very quite wonderful! and he speak d' English and de French as I do tell him. C'est un veritable plaisir -- it is pleasure d'entendre parler dat ."
(Vol. 1,p. 32-33)
Speakers: All , Justine, narrator, Leclerc
Leclerc spoke better English than his companion; for during the absence of his young mistress in France, he had rested with her family in England. He regarded mademoiselle at this moment, as only the good-humoured French can regard where they are prepared to taunt. -- " Vhat vould you design at de parson, Miss?" demanded he.
" Moi ?" asked Justine. " Rien ! rien !"
"Speak English, Miss," enjoined Leclerc. " Monsieur Vicaire cannot speak de French, and he cannot receive your addresses but in his tongue."
" Vell ," cried mademoiselle, "I vill be sure to address him in his tongue den . Is dat good English?"
" Oh , it is beautiful dat ! " encouraged Leclerc.
" Vell den ," rejoined mademoiselle, "I do vant always to speak de good English for dat I address de vicaire ."
"But, Miss," began Leclerc, " what do you propose to yourself in -- in --" Leclerc was at a loss for a word -- "in -- in killing monsieur le vicaire ?"
"No, sir," answered Justine, indignantly, "I do not propose to myself to kill de vicaire ."
" Regardez un peu ," persisted Leclerc. "You have dressed yourself to-day like de queen of Mesopotamie, and it is altogether to kill de vicaire ."
" Pardonnerez " cried mademoiselle.
" Non . I do say," re-urged Leclerc -- "I do say dat your are vicked against de vicaire -- dat you do vish he vill marry you!"
" Mon Dieu ! est il possible ?" inquired mademoiselle, in amazement.
" C'est certain " rejoined Leclerc. "But hear me, Miss -- I do pray you to hear me, Miss. In your -- vhat do you call dat vord croyance ? Faidth ? Yes, dat is de vord . Vell den , Miss, in your faidth , de parsons do never marry demselves , and it is shameful for your to tempt an English parson to marry himself ."
(Vol. 1,p. 54)
Speakers: All , Justine, narrator
Mademoiselle entered; and remembering her design of speaking English, she began immediately to reproach her mistress for her tears. -- " Mon Dieu madame!" exclaimed Justine, " vous allez gâter -- vous allez gâter vos beaux yeux ! -- dat is, you go to -- to -- spoil your most beautiful eyes with your crying always . If you cannot content yourself with rest here, why rest you here ? I would not do any such a ting as to me deplaire -- to make myself miserable."
Madame checked the eloquence of Justine, and would not hear any reference to her present situation, rights, or future hopes. But the talent of mademoiselle was captured in every sort of eloquence, and now she turned it to the descriptive. "It is not -- is not gay" said mademoiselle; "no, it is not gay enough at dis Cheriton: dere is noting of de vorld ; I vould have all I did desire far away, and I vould not fatigue myself to rest in dis part unpleasant . Dere is de sea! -- mon Dieu , dere is de sea! very fine! -- il y a -- dere are encore de trees, very, very, very mournful, and de shurch upon de little hill in our face -- vhat sadness!"
(Vol. 1,p. 100-101)
Speaker #2:Leclerc - Servant
Individual or Group:Individual
Primary Identity:Leclerc
Gender:Male
Age:Adult - unspecified age
Narrative Voice:1st person
Role:Minor

Social Role
Social Role Description:Servant
Social Role Category:Servant
Speaker's Origin
Place of Origin Description:France
Place of Origin Category:France
Speakers: All , Justine, narrator, Leclerc
Leclerc spoke better English than his companion; for during the absence of his young mistress in France, he had rested with her family in England. He regarded mademoiselle at this moment, as only the good-humoured French can regard where they are prepared to taunt. -- " Vhat vould you design at de parson, Miss?" demanded he.
" Moi ?" asked Justine. " Rien ! rien !"
"Speak English, Miss," enjoined Leclerc. " Monsieur Vicaire cannot speak de French, and he cannot receive your addresses but in his tongue."
" Vell ," cried mademoiselle, "I vill be sure to address him in his tongue den . Is dat good English?"
" Oh , it is beautiful dat ! " encouraged Leclerc.
" Vell den ," rejoined mademoiselle, "I do vant always to speak de good English for dat I address de vicaire ."
"But, Miss," began Leclerc, " what do you propose to yourself in -- in --" Leclerc was at a loss for a word -- "in -- in killing monsieur le vicaire ?"
"No, sir," answered Justine, indignantly, "I do not propose to myself to kill de vicaire ."
" Regardez un peu ," persisted Leclerc. "You have dressed yourself to-day like de queen of Mesopotamie, and it is altogether to kill de vicaire ."
" Pardonnerez " cried mademoiselle.
" Non . I do say," re-urged Leclerc -- "I do say dat your are vicked against de vicaire -- dat you do vish he vill marry you!"
" Mon Dieu ! est il possible ?" inquired mademoiselle, in amazement.
" C'est certain " rejoined Leclerc. "But hear me, Miss -- I do pray you to hear me, Miss. In your -- vhat do you call dat vord croyance ? Faidth ? Yes, dat is de vord . Vell den , Miss, in your faidth , de parsons do never marry demselves , and it is shameful for your to tempt an English parson to marry himself ."
(Vol. 1,p. 54)
Speaker #3:Liffey O'Paole - Sailor
Individual or Group:Individual
Primary Identity:Liffey
Gender:Male
Age:Adult - young
Narrative Voice:1st person
Role:Minor

Social Role
Social Role Description:Sailor
Social Role Category:Seafarer
Speaker's Origin
Place of Origin Description:Dublin, Ireland
Place of Origin Category:Dublin, East Ireland, Ireland
This one too could restrain his voice no longer. -- " Faidth , madam, my lard ," cried this idler, "it would be a mighty great pleasure to me to have the hanour to guide your lardship, for I know very well that monsieur le capitaine manes me."
"Are you a sailor?" asked madame, in nearly the same language.
" Is it if I'm a sailor you ask , madam, my lard ?" inquired the same one. " Faidth I'm a sailor too, and that I have bane ever since I was barn . And a little more for your comfort, I am of you own dare country, and that cannot be any other than Ireland, I warrant."
This was a presumption, for none of us had seen a great deal of Ireland, though what we had seen we had much loved. -- "Well then," said madame, you shall be our pilot to -- what do you call the place?"
"Is it the place, my lard ?" inquired the sailor. " Troth , that is called Fecamp, and a most ilegant ville it is for a little out-of-the-way place. You will find there, your hanour , a wanderful abbey, with a swate little chapel to the Holy Virgin, that hardly ever suffers a poor soul to be lost in the sea. Ainsi, monsieur capitaine, je vais vous quitter. Je me chargerai du soin de madame . Madam, I am at your sarvice , and to Fecamp, and plase your hanour , my lard , I consave myself your pilot."
Thus this fresh pilot with the same facility looked, and spoke, and acted. Now English, now French, formed for action, but in love with idleness; [...]
(Vol. 1,p. 204-204)
"Well, and your age; that cannot be much, I imagine?" observed madame d'Osterley.
" Exparience is by yares , madame, I am not very yang , for mighty ill-treated I have been."
"But now -- now," continued madame, curious to know the degree of Liffey's prosperity, "but now, after your great difficulties --"
The word did not suit Liffey; he fancied that the great came mockingly. -- "Your pardon, madame, my lard -- je ne voudrais pas -- I mane I would not that your hanour should misunderstand me. My trables were all sent me, and I found it my duty to bear them. They were grate enough for one; but he who is ignorant of all trable , would think very little of mine, were I to endeavour to count them."
"It is perfectly true, very just, Lif -- Liffey, I think you are called?" observed madame.
"Liffey O'Paole is my name, and plase your ladyship; it came down from my grandfather, who came down -- humph! -- from the flood, I belave . Liffey, your hanour , is taken from the ilegant river of Dublin, and Paole comes from -- faidth , I don't know, but from some paol or another, I fancy."
"That is very probable," said madame. "So then, Liffey O'Paole, you have entirely quitted your country, and are become a resident of France?" " Why , resident, if you plase , my lady," answered Liffey; "for it would be an indacent thing for a man not to reside with his wife, the poor cratur !"
[...]
"Married?" inquired madame, with astonishment.
"By the true church, and plase your ladyship, though you may think it a very hard matter," replied Liffey.
(Vol. 1,p. 210)
Extract #3 dialect features: Discourse Marker, Grammar, Orthographical Respelling
"Yes, yes!" observed madame, "it must be a pleasant thing to have a house in such circumstances." "A house and a wife, and plase your ladyship," rejoined Liffey, who seemed determined to have none of his happiness forgotten.
"Assuredly, a house and a wife!" continued madame; "though perhaps, Liffey, you would have been as happy with the house alone?"
" Ah , madame," answered Liffey, with a smile, "it would not be gentale for me to say that, seeing my mighty grate obligation; and it is, moreover, a swate ilegant thing when one is parfectly tired of baring one's trables alone, to throw over at laste one hald of them as the lawful share of one's wife."
"Oh, that must be an amazing pleasure!" cried madame rapidly, and turning away her face. But Liffey knew how to pleasure -- desired to please, and would not that the effect of his efforts should be concealed.
"I cannot but respect my wife, madame," continued Liffey, "for she is old enough to direct me in the parsuits of life."
"Ah," cried madame, "I understand! your wife is rather -- rather -- that is, she is not young?"
" Trath , she is not yang , my lady!" resumed Liffey; "but she is an excellent soul, though a little high, as it were. I will have the pleasure of shewing her to your lardship -- madame I mane , and if you spake the Norman French you will find her conversation vastly lively and instructive; but as for herself, she is grave and grey, much after the manner of her house; and if both were a litter yanger , trath! I do not know that they would be the warse for it; but they shall not catch me complaining, and plase your ladyship, not they!"
(Vol. 1,p. 214-216)
Speaker #4:Julius - Servant
Individual or Group:Individual
Primary Identity:Julius
Gender:Male
Age:Adult - unspecified age
Narrative Voice:1st person
Role:Minor

Social Role
Social Role Description:Servant
Social Role Category:Servant
Speaker's Origin
Place of Origin Description:Cheriton, Kent
Place of Origin Category:Cheriton, Kent, South East England, England
Extract #1 dialect features: Discourse Marker, Grammar, Orthographical Contraction
Speakers: All , Julius, interlocutor
"If ever there were a black saint, thou art one!" said the vicar, as he put his foot in the stirrup, and looked across the saddle upon Julius.
" Whoo ! stand still wi' thee !" cried Julius, resuming: "I should not have thought that from your worship's lips."
"Why then the thing was unlikely and thou art no saint!" rejoined the vicar, throwing over his leg, and falling with might into the saddle -- "why then I tell thee thou art no saint!"
"I shall be one, I hope, some time, an' please your reverence!" answered Julius.
(Vol. 1,p. 60-61)
Speakers: All , Julius, interlocutor
"With service to your worship," cried Julius, "I hide from nobody."
"Why, there," resumed the vicar, "in the look and tone of that, thy lofty vindication, thou art that man of Rome, Augustus et superbus ; thou art the veritable Caesar."
" Pshaw , your reverence!"
"Do, if thou darest!" menaced the vicar. " Wilt thou presume to pshaw my reverence ? Come hither; let me confront thy falsehood! Thou sayest thou art not Caesar, nor a Whig, and that thou hidest from no man. Prim, where hast thou been?"
" A-brewing , an' service to your worship!"
(Vol. 1,p. 22)
Speaker #5:John Cornish - Unspecified
Individual or Group:Individual
Primary Identity:John Cornish
Gender:Male
Age:Adult - young
Narrative Voice:1st person
Role:Peripheral

Social Role
Social Role Description:Unspecified
Social Role Category:Unspecified
Speaker's Origin
Place of Origin Description:Cheriton, Kent.
Place of Origin Category:Cheriton, Kent, South East England, England
"How -- what do you mean?" inquired Claude, smiling at the odd appearance of this inexplicable man; "tell me by whom else I am accompanied?"
" What , dan't you knaw me, maister Clarde ?" asked the once playfellow, and the favourite neighbour of Claude, John Cornish the younger.
"Know you!" cried Claude, his heart rising with pleasure at the voice of his early and always constant friend; [...]
Speaker #6:Roguish fellow - Sailor
Individual or Group:Individual
Primary Identity:Roguish fellow
Gender:Male
Age:Adult - unspecified age
Narrative Voice:1st person
Role:Peripheral
Dialect Features:Metalanguage

Social Role
Social Role Description:Sailor
Social Role Category:Seafarer
Speaker's Origin
Place of Origin Description:Kent
Place of Origin Category:Kent, South East England, England
Extract #1 dialect features: Metalanguage
"Irish friends?" asked Claude.
"Yes, sir," answered a roguish fellow, with a strong Kentish teeth-closed accent -- "yes, sir, he means the early sort, young and fresh growing."
(Vol. 3,p. 270)
Displaying 6 characters from this novel    |    Highlight dialect features in each extract    |    Do not highlight dialect features in each extract
Version 1.1 (December 2015)Background image reproduced from the Database of Mid Victorian Illustration (DMVI)